Clinical Progression and Load Management For Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy In A Long-Distance Runner: A Case Report.

Background and Purpose: The characteristics of Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT) include deep, localized pain in the region of the ischial tuberosity. Chronic lesions are often found in long-distance runners. Compression of the tendon and shear force at its insertion at the ischial tuberosity during hip flexion/adduction is a key etiologic factor. The aim of this case report is to analyze the effectiveness of an exercise protocol with progression of tendon loading in PHT in an amateur runner, by assessing pain and functional capacity. Case Description: The subject was a 30-year-old male runner. After participating in a 10km race, he experienced an insidious onset of deep buttock pain in the right ischial tuberosity. His pain was aggravated by running on sloped roads and prolonged sitting on hard surfaces, particularly while driving. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the Puranen-Orave test (PO), the Bent-Knee stretch test (BK stretch), the supine plank test, the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-proximal hamstring tendons (VISA-H) questionnaire, and the sciatic nerve mobility (via the Slump test) were assessed. The intervention involved a 12-week progressive loading exercise program divided into four phases. Outcomes: The initial pain was reduced at 6 weeks of intervention and further decreased at 12 weeks (VAS from 7, to 5 and to 1). Function increased at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks (VISA-H from 23, to 53, to 80). Sciatic nerve mobility was normal. Conclusion: The progression of training in a subject with PHT tendon injury based on isometric exercise, concentric/eccentric, energy storage, progressively increasing hip flexion was beneficial, increasing function and decreasing pain. Studies with a larger sample size and a more precise methodological design would be necessary to support this type of intervention in clinical practice. Level of Evidence: 5.

An intradialytic non-immersive virtual reality exercise programme: a crossover randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is closely related to a high risk of death and disability, poor physical performance and frailty. The main objective of this research was to analyse how intradialytic administration of a non-immersive virtual reality (VR) exercise programme would affect physical function and adherence to exercise in these patients. METHODS: A total of 56 individuals participated in two 12-week periods in a crossover randomized controlled trial. Each patient underwent a functional capacity evaluation before and after each study period. The functional tests administered included the 4-m gait speed test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), timed up-and-go (TUG) test, one-legged stance test (OLST) for balance, sit-to-stand 10 (STS-10) and sit-to-stand 60 (STS-60) tests and 6-min walking test (6MWT). Adherence to the exercise programme was also recorded. To assess the effect of VR exercise on the functional test outcomes over time, the patients were analysed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with time and treatment as the within-participant factors. RESULTS: By the end of the 12 weeks of exercise, compared with the control period, 33 participants showed significant change in physical function as measured through the 4-m gait speed test (0.14 m/s), SPPB (1.2 points), TUG (-1.7 s), OLST (7.1 s), STS-10 (-5.8 s), STS-60 (5 repetitions) and 6MWT (85.2 m), with adherence rates exceeding 70%. There were no changes in the biochemical data or in the medications in the period of the study. CONCLUSION: An intradialytic non-immersive VR exercise programme improves patient physical function.

Comparison of intradialytic versus home-based exercise programs on physical functioning, physical activity level, adherence, and health-related quality of life: pilot study.

Intradialytic exercise (ID) programs are effective and safe for hemodialysis (HD) patients to avoid functional deterioration. However, exercise is not routinely undertaken in most HD units, and we do not know if home-based (HB) programs are as effective as ID programs. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of ID exercise versus a HB exercise program for HD patients. A total of 46 patients were randomly assigned to the ID group (n = 24) or HB group (n = 22). They completed a 16-week combined exercise program 3 times/week. We measured physical activity level, physical functioning, depression level, and health-related quality of life at baseline and after 16 weeks. A significant time effect was found in both groups for the physical activity level (p = 0.012). There was also a significant group-time interaction effect for the one-leg standing test (OLST) (p = 0.049) and a significant time effect for the Short Physical Performance Battery (p = 0.013), timed up-and-go test (p = 0.005), sit-to-stand-10 (p = 0.027), right and left hand handgrip (p = 0.044, p < 0.001), one-heel left leg raise (p = 0.019), and 6-minute walking (p = 0.006), depression (p = 0.017). HRQoL remained unchanged. There was no difference between the two interventions on the tested outcomes (besides OLST). Both interventions were associated with positive changes of the physical activity levels and physical function.

Virtual reality exercise intradialysis to improve physical function: A feasibility randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this investigation was to assess feasibility of conducting a future RCT with an intradialysis non-immersive virtual reality exercise intervention. The secondary aim was to explore the impact of either conventional or VR exercise on physical function. DESIGN: Feasibility randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen subjects who participated in a 16-week intradialysis combined exercise program. INTERVENTIONS: The program lasted four additional weeks of either combined exercise or virtual reality exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical function was measured through several reliable tests (sit-to-stand-to-sit tests 10 and 60, gait speed, one-leg heel-rise tests, and 6-minute walk test) at baseline, after 16 weeks of intradialysis combined exercise and by the end of four additional weeks of exercise. Adherence to the exercise programs was registered. RESULTS: There was a significant time effect, so that physical function improved in both groups. By the end of the 20 weeks, function improved as measured through the sit-to-stand-to-sit tests 10 and 60, gait speed, one-leg heel-rise left leg, and the 6-minute walk test. Changes that did not occur due to error in the test were seen after 20 weeks were achieved in the sit-to-stand-to-sit test 60, gait speed, one-leg heel-rise test for the left leg, and 6-minute walking test. CONCLUSION: Virtual reality was a feasible intervention. Both interventions improved physical function. Adherence was not significantly different between groups.

Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores for the short physical performance battery, one-legged standing test and timed up and go test in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Functional tests are commonly used for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the relative and absolute reliability of such physical performance-outcome assessments must first be determined in specific patient cohorts. The aims of this study were to assess the relative and the absolute reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), One-Legged Stance Test (OLST), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, as well as the minimal detectable change (MDC) scores for these tests in CKD patients receiving HD. Seventy-one end-stage CKD patients receiving HD therapy, aged between 21 and 90 years, participated in the study. The patients completed two testing sessions one to two weeks apart and performed by the same examiner, comprising the following tests: the SPPB (n = 65), OLST (n = 62), and TUG test (n = 66). High intraclass correlation coefficients (≥0.90) were found for all the tests, suggesting that their relative reliability is excellent. The MDC scores for the 90% confidence intervals were as follows: 1.7 points for the SPPB, 11.3 seconds for the OLST, and 2.9 seconds for the TUG test. The reliability of the SPPB, OLST, and TUG test for this sample were all considered to be acceptable. The MDC data generated by these tests can be used to monitor meaningful changes in the functional capacity of the daily living-related activity of CKD patients on HD.

Comparación de un programa de ejercicio intradiálisis frente a ejercicio domiciliario sobre capacidad física funcional y nivel de actividad física / Comparison of intradialysis exercise program versus home exercise on functional capacity and physical activity level

Introducción: El ejercicio durante la hemodiálisis es beneficioso, aunque son pocas las unidades de hemodiálisis que ofrecen un programa de ejercicio adaptado a estos pacientes. Por ello es necesario encontrar alternativas más económicas para realizar ejercicio. El objetivo es comparar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio intradiálisis frente a ejercicio domiciliario, sobre la adherencia al programa, la capacidad física funcional y el nivel de actividad física. Métodos: 17 pacientes en hemodiálisis de un centro de Valencia fueron aleatorizados dividiéndoles en un grupo de ejercicio intradiálisis (n=9) y un grupo domiciliario (n=8). Ambos programas incluían ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza durante 4 meses. Se valoró una amplia batería de pruebas funcionales (Short Physical Performance Battery, equilibrio monopodal, Timed Up and Go, Sit To Stand to sit test 10 y 60, dinamometría de mano, fuerza de tríceps, 6 minutos marcha) y dos cuestionarios de nivel de actividad física (Human Activity Profile y Physical Activity Scale for Elderly). Resultados: 2 pacientes del grupo intradiálisis y 5 pacientes de ejercicio domiciliario finalizaron el programa y fueron analizados. Se observó un efecto significativo del factor tiempo en el caso del Human Activity Profile (P<.017). En las pruebas funcionales no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa. En cuanto a la adherencia al ejercicio los pacientes del grupo intradiálisis cumplieron el 92.7% y el grupo domiciliario el 68.7% del total de las sesiones. Conclusiones: En ambos grupos se observa un aumento del nivel de actividad física. Sin embargo, es necesario modificar factores, tanto en el personal sanitario como en los propios pacientes, para conseguir mayor adherencia a los programas de ejercicio (AU)

Introduction: Although exercise training of patients undergoing hemodialysis is generally associated with positive outcomes, few hemodialysis units routinely offer intradialytic exercise therapy. This is often related to financial cost and/or staff limitations. Home-based. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intradialytic versus home based exercise regarding adherence, functional capacity and physical activity level. Methods: 17 participants from hemodialysis unit from Valencia were randomized to either intradialytic exercise (n=9,) or home based exercise (n=8). Both programs consisted of a combination of strength training and aerobic exercise during 4 months. We assess functional capacity with different test (Short Physical Performance Battery, one leg stand, Timed Up and Go, Sit To Stand test 10 and 60,handgrip, one leg heel rise, 6 minutes walking test) and two questionnaires to asses physical activity level (Human Activity Profile and Physical Activity Scale for Elderly). Outcomes: 2 participant from the intradialysis exercise and 5 participants from de home based exercise were analysed. We observed a significant time effect in the Human Activity Profile (P<.017). In the functional capacity test there was not a significant difference. The subjects from the intradilysis exercise completed the 92.7% and the home based group the 68.7% of the total of the sessions. Conclusions: In both groups was an increment of the physical activity. Nevertheless, it is necessary to modify some factors, both in health professionals and patients, to achieve higher (AU)

Cuantificación del deterioro funcional durante seis meses en pacientes renales en estadio terminal / Quantificación of functional impairment for six months in hemodialysis patients

Introducción: Los pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis presentan una disminución de la función física, sin embargo, no hay estudios que demuestren el ritmo al que se produce este deterioro funcional. El objetivo principal es cuantificar el deterioro funcional de los pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis durante seis meses. Métodos: 43 pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis de dos centros de Valencia (España) (edad 61.3 (14.7) años) fueron analizados después de 6 meses. Los participantes completaron el Short Physical Performance Battery, equilibrio monopodal, el Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to stand to Sit Test 10 y 60, dinamometría de mano; elevación de talón y 6 minutos marcha. Además se recogieron datos de las historias clínicas y de las analíticas. Resultados: Tres de las pruebas mejoraron significativamente tras el periodo de 6 meses de observación: el Sit To Stand 10, la dinamometría de la mano derecha y la dinamometría de la mano izquierda, pero sin alcanzar un cambio clínico relevante. Por otro lado, otras medidas no obtuvieron un deterioro significativo como fueron el Short Physical Performance Battery, el Sit to Stand 60, la elevación del talón izquierdo y el 6 minutos marcha. Conclusiones: Después de 6 meses, en ninguna de las pruebas de capacidad funcional se observa un deterioro significativo. Se recomienda a los centros de hemodiálisis realizar un seguimiento de capacidad funcional anualmente, ya que con un periodo de 6 meses no se encuentran cambios significativos (AU)

Introduction: Patients in dialysis treatment present a decrease in physical function. However, we cannot find in the literature the rhythm of the functional deterioration. The main aim is quantify the functional deterioration in patients undergoing haemodialysis during six months period. Methods: 43 patients in dialysis treatment from two centres from Valencia (Spain) (age 61.3 (14.7) years old) were recruited and monitored after the 6 months period. Study participants performed the Short Physical Performance Battery, one leg stand, TUG, Sit to Stand 10 and 60, handgrip dynamometry, the one leg heel rise and the 6 minutes walking time. Outcomes: Three tests improve significantly: the Sit to Stand 10, the right and the left Handgrip Dynamometry. Nevertheless, we cannot observe a significant deterioration as the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Sit to Stand 60, the one leg heel rise in the left leg and the 6 minutes walking time. Conclusions: After 6 months, we have not observed a significant deterioration in the tests. We recommended the different units to follow the functional capacity of the patients yearly, because with a period of 6 months we have not find significantly changes (AU)